Operating Systems: A Beginner’s Guide
MacOS Types and Support Years
What is MacOS?
MacOS is the operating system (OS) that runs on Apple Mac computers. It’s like the manager of your computer, organising how everything works.
Main Versions and Support Timelines:
| Version | Release Year | Last Supported Year |
| Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard | 2009 | 2016 |
| Mac OS X 10.7 Lion | 2011 | 2014 |
| Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion | 2012 | 2015 |
| OS X 10.9 Mavericks | 2013 | 2016 |
| OS X 10.10 Yosemite | 2014 | 2017 |
| OS X 10.11 El Capitan | 2015 | 2018 |
| Mac OS 10.12 Sierra | 2016 | 2019 |
| Mac OS 10.13 High Sierra | 2017 | 2020 |
| Mac OS 10.14 Mojave | 2018 | 2021 |
| Mac OS 10.15 Catalina | 2019 | 2022 |
| Mac OS 11 Big Sur | 2020 | 2023 |
| Mac OS 12 Monterey | 2021 | 2024 |
| Mac OS 13 Ventura | 2022 | 2025 |
| Mac OS 14 Sonoma | 2023 | Ongoing |
Apple typically supports each MacOS version for about three years, providing updates and security fixes. After support ends, it’s best to upgrade for safety and new features.
Windows Operating Systems and Support Years
What is Windows?
Windows is an operating system made by Microsoft, used on most PCs and laptops. It controls how your computer works and lets you run programmes, browse the web, and more.
Key Versions and Support Timelines:
| Version | Release Year | End of Support |
| Windows XP | 2001 | 2014 |
| Windows Vista | 2007 | 2017 |
| Windows 7 | 2009 | 2020 |
| Windows 8/8.1 | 2012/2013 | 2023 |
| Windows 10 | 2015 | 2025 |
| Windows 11 | 2021 | Ongoing |
Microsoft usually supports each Windows version for about ten years, with regular updates. When support ends, it’s wise to upgrade for protection against security risks.
Linux Distributions
What is Linux? Linux is a family of free, open-source operating systems. Unlike Windows or MacOS, Linux comes in many “flavours” called distributions (distros), each with its own look and features.
Popular Examples:
• Ubuntu: User-friendly, great for beginners.
• Fedora: Cutting-edge features, popular with tech enthusiasts.
• Debian: Stable and reliable, often used for servers.
• Linux Mint: Easy to use, similar to Windows.
• Arch Linux: Highly customisable, for advanced users.
Basic Explanation: Think of Linux like different brands of cars; they all do the same basic thing, but each has its own style and extras. Linux is popular with people who like to tinker, and it’s used on everything from laptops to web servers.
Conclusion
• MacOS, Windows, and Linux are operating systems that manage your computer, each with different versions and support periods.
Whether you’re buying a new device or just getting to grips with your current computer, these basics will help you feel more confident and make informed decisions. If in doubt, don’t hesitate to ask for help—everyone starts somewhere!